When to merge PDFs
- Applications and submissions — combine a CV, cover letter and certificates into one file.
- Accounting — gather a month of invoices or receipts into a single PDF.
- Reports — join chapters or appendices produced by different people or programs.
How merging works
The pages of each file are copied, in the order shown, into a new PDF document using the open-source pdf-lib library. Nothing is re-rendered, so the merged file looks exactly like the originals.
What is a PDF file?
PDF (Portable Document Format) was created by Adobe and is now an open ISO standard (ISO 32000). A PDF fixes the exact layout of every page — fonts, images and positions — so a document looks the same on every screen and printer. That makes it the standard for contracts, invoices, manuals, papers and forms.
Inside, a PDF stores each page as drawing instructions. Text written by a program is stored as real characters (a “text layer”) and can be selected and extracted. Scanned documents usually store only a picture of each page, so their text cannot be extracted without OCR.